Expansion Era · 1815

Treaty with the Kickapoos, Sept. 9, 1815

ID T-0060

Date 1815-09-09

Articles 1

Instrument Note

Parties

United States and the Kickapoo Nation

Context

Executed September 9, 1815 at Fort Harrison, Indiana Territory. The Kickapoo had been among the most consistent supporters of Tecumseh's confederation and had continued resistance into 1815. This is the final post-war peace instrument in this volume.

Significance

One article. Peace, protection formula. The Kickapoo — whose refusal to join the Fort Wayne cession in 1809 had required a separate inducement instrument (T-0050) — formally returned to the U.S. treaty framework after the war. No cession, no annuity supplement. The instrument is purely political: the restoration of the protection relationship that Kickapoo resistance to Fort Wayne had strained.

Legal Observation

The Kickapoo signed their way through this corpus on their own terms where possible — requiring separate instruments, additional consideration, delayed consent. This final instrument, requiring none of that, marks the point at which the Kickapoo had no remaining capacity for independent action. The protection formula was the same in 1815 as in 1785. The nations signing it were not.

Kill-buck, Neach-corningd, Montgomery Montaine, Captain Buck, Hop-hoo-que, or moles, Captain White Eyes, Captain Pipe, McDaniel, Captain Snap. Shawanoes. Cut-e-we-cus-a, or black hoof, Tam-e-ne-tha, or butter, Pi-a-se-ka, or wolf, Pom-tha, or walker, Sha-mon-e-tho, or snake, Pem-tha-ta, or turkey flying by, We-tha-wak-a-sik-a, or yellow water, Que-ta-wah, or sinking, So-kut-che-mah, or frozen, Wy-ne-pu-ech-sika, or corn stalk, Chi-ach-ska, or captain Tom, Qui-ta-we-peh, or captain Lewis, T'ea-was-koota, or blue jacket, Tah-cum-tequah, or cross the water. Oitawas. Waz-tash-ne-wa, or bear's legs, Wa-pa-chek, or white fisher, Too-ta-gen, or bell, Augh-qua-nah-quo-se, or stump tail bear, U-co-ke-nuh, or bear king. Senecas. Coon-tind-nau, or coffee house, Tog-won, En-dosque-e-runt, or John Harris, Can-ta-ra-tee-roo, Cun-tah-ten-tuh-wa, or big turtle, Ron-on-nesse, or wiping stick, Co-rach-coon-ke, or reflection, or civil John, Coon-au-ta-nah-coo, See-is-ta-he, (black) Too-tee-an-dee, or Thomas Brand, Hane-use-wa, Ut-ta-wun-tus, Lut-au-ques-on, Miamies. Peoon, La-passiere, or Ashe-non-quah, Osage, Na-to-wee-sa, Me-she-ke-le-a-ta, or the big man, Sa-na-mah-hon-ga, or stone eater, Ne-she-peh-tah, or double tooth, Me-too-sa-ni-a, or Indian, Che-qui-a, or poor racoon, Wa-pe-pe-cheka, Chin-go-me-ga-eboe, or owl, Ke-we-se-kong, or circular travelling, Wa-pa-sa-ba-nah, or white racoon, Che-ke-me-li-ne, er turtle’s brother, Pocon-do-qua or crooked, Che-que-ah, or poor racoon, a Wea, or little eyes, Sho-wi-lin-ge-shua, or open hand. O-ka-we-a, or porcupine, Shaw-a-noe, Ma-uan-sa, or young wolf, Me-shwa-wa, or wounded, San-gwe-comya, or buffaloe, Pe-qui-a, or George, Keel-swa, or sun, Wab-se-a, or white skin, ‘Wan-se-pe-a, or sun rise, An-ga-to-ka, or pile of wood. Potawatamies. Too-pin-ne-pe, O-nox-a, or five medals, Me-te-a, Con-ge, or bear’s foot, Na-nown-se-ca, Cha-gobbe, or one who sees all over, Meshon, Penosh, Che-ca-noe, Nesh-coot-a-wa, Ton-guish, Ne-baugh-qua, Ton-guish, a Chippeway, Wes-nan-e-sa, Che-chock, or crane, Aug. 9, 1814. Proclamation, Feb. 16, 1815. Cession of ter- ritory by the Creeks as equi- valent to the expenses of the TREATY WITH THE CREEKS. 1814. Ma-ko-ta-ne-cote, or black tree, Nixon or crow, She-she-pa, or duck, . Pu-pe-ketcha, or flat belly. Wa-pe-kon-nia, or white blanket, . A-coo-che, or the man hung, Kickapoos. Che-kas-ka-ga-lon. Kee-too-te, or Otter, In presence of (the words «and the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoese, and Sene- cas," interlined in the first article before signing.) James Dill, Secretary to the com- missioners. Jno. Johnston, Indian Agent. B. F. Stickney, Indian Agent. James J, Nisbet, Associate Judge of Court of Common Pleas, Preble county. Thos. G. Gib- son. Antoine Boindi, William Walker, William Conner, J. Bte. Chandonnai, Stephen Reeddeed, James Peltier, Joseph Bertrand, Sworn Interpreters. Thomas Ramsey, cap- tain Ist rifle regiment. John Conner. John Riddle, col. 1st regiment Ohio militia,

Source: U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. VII. Edited by Richard Peters, Esq. Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1846. Reprinted by Dennis & Co., Inc., Buffalo, N.Y., 1962. Source lines 12051–12200.